Popular science of mine hoist

2025-03-02 16:33:48

The mine hoist is also sometimes referred to as a mine elevator, which is a special form of elevator that can also be seen as a simple elevator.

 Mine elevators are a very important means of transportation. Mines, 

especially underground conditions and working environments, are poor compared with the ground, 

so it is necessary to ensure the safety of mine elevators, and carefully understand and master their structure, 

working characteristics and design methods.

The main structural forms of China's production are: single-rope winding type with single-barrel and double-barrel mine hoist; 

Friction type multi-rope floor type and tower type multi-rope friction type hoist. 

The dragging mode is designed according to the needs, and there are hydraulically driven mine hoists underground.

The commonly used forms of mine elevators in China are mainly single-rope winding and multi-rope friction. 

Compared with the developed countries in the world, China's mining is smaller, the lifting height of the mine is shallow, 

the coal mine is used more, and other mines (such as metal mines, non-metal mines) are less, 

and the inclined shaft lifting accounts for a large proportion. Therefore, since the 60s of the 20th century, 

single-rope winding mine elevators have been widely used, because single-rope winding is more suitable for this kind of mine.

The mine hoist is mainly composed of a working mechanism, a braking system, a mechanical transmission system, a lubrication system,

 an observation and operating system, a drag, a control and a safety protection system.

(1) The working mechanism including the spindle device and the clutch. Its main functions are:

(1) Wrap or place the hoisting wire rope.

(2) Bear all kinds of normal loads (including fixed static loads and working loads), and transfer their loads to the foundation through bearings.

(3) In various emergency situations, the parts of the spindle device shall not have residual deformation under the abnormal load.

(2) Braking system, including brakes and transmissions. The functions of the brakes are:

(1) When the hoist is working, the drum can be closed reliably.

(2) Participate in the control of the hoist during the deceleration phase and the lowering of heavy objects.

(3) Mechanical transmission system, including reducer and coupling. 

The number of revolutions of the hoist spindle is generally between 40~60 r/min, and the motor speed is usually 290, 

while the motor speed is 290. ~980 r/rain. Therefore, except for the low-speed DC motor dragging, 

the spindle generally cannot be directly connected with the motor, and the middle must pass through the reducer.

 The function of the reducer is to decelerate and transmit power. 

The main function of the coupling is to connect the rotating part of the elevator and transmit power.

(4) Lubrication system. Also known as lubricating oil station. 

The role of the lubrication system is to continuously press the lubricating oil into the main bearing, 

reducer bearing and meshing tooth flanks to ensure that the bearings and gears are working well. 

The lubrication system must be interlocked with the automatic protection system and the main motor, that is, 

when the lubrication system fails (such as the lubricating oil pressure is too high or too low, the bearing temperature rise is too high, etc.), 

the main motor is powered off and the elevator is safely braked. Before starting the main motor, 

the lubricating oil pump must be started to ensure that the machine is working under adequate lubrication conditions.

(5) Observation and operation systems, including depth indicators, operator stations, and speed measurement power generation devices. 

The purpose of the depth indicator is:

(1) Indicate the operating position of the lifting container.

(2) When the container is close to the unloading position of the wellhead and the bottom of the well, a deceleration signal is issued.

(6) Dragging, control and safety protection system, including main motor, microcomputer drag device, 

electrical control system and safety protection system. 

The motor is dragged without rotation, and the control equipment is a semi-automatic system, 

using the control method of motor rotor and metal resistance, 

the control process is automatically realized, and manual control can also be participated in if necessary.

 In the event of a malfunction during the operation of the equipment, the safety protection system will run on its own,

 stop the equipment, and implement safety protection.